expertise in research in early childhood education (with a special focus on
research methodologies and evaluation) to work as a Research Assistant (RA)
for an upcoming NSF grant that looks at the role of tangible computer
programming in helping young children learn. This is an interdisciplinary
project with the Computer Science department at Tufts.
The student will commit to a two year RA that will result in either a
Masters 's thesis or a qualifying paper (in the case of a doctoral student)
and will receive a stipend based on the current departmental rate and
his/her experience. He or she will collaborate closely with students in the
Computer Science department and will attend the weekly DevTech research
seminar. No previous knowledge of computer programming or robotics is
needed. However, the student needs to be willing to learn. Experience
conducting literature reviews and working with Kindergarten-aged children is
a plus.
Please send a CV and a couple of paragraphs about your interest in working
as an RA in the DevTech group (http://ase.tufts.edu/devtech/), and more
specifically about your interest in this particular project to
marina.bers@tufts.edu. Project summary is bellow.
Project Summary
This is a challenging time for early childhood education (K-2). On the one
hand, there are steeped up federally-mandated academic demands and a growing
concern to respect children's developmental stages. On the other hand, there
has not been yet a profound re-examination of the content, in particular in
the area of technology, that young children are able to learn, nor do we
have research-based evidence to evaluate children's developmental
possibilities with innovative technologies. However, in order to advance the
technological fluency of our nation's youth, we need to start in the early
years. This project proposes that when given age-appropriate technologies,
young children can actively engage in computer programming and robotics
activities in a way that is consistent with developmentally appropriate
practice. In particular, it proposes the creation of novel human-computer
interaction techniques to support learning with technology in early
elementary school, with a focus on kindergarten. This technology will allow
us to gather research-based evidence regarding the intellectually powerful
ideas that young children are able to understand, and build-upon, before
reaching what Piaget called the operational stage. In turn, this will allow
us to revisit our developmental assumptions. At the heart of this proposal
is the claim that, for a variety of reasons, modern graphical user
interfaces (GUI) are ill-suited for use in early elementary school
classrooms, especially for computer programming activities. Thus, this
project will focus on two aspects: 1) It will build on emerging tangible
user interface (TUI) technology to create a tangible programming language
for young children to control a robotic artifact. In short, rather than
using a mouse or keyboard to write programs to control robots, children will
instead construct programs by connecting "smart" wooden blocks shaped like
jigsaw puzzle pieces; 2) It will integrate inexpensive building materials
such as recyclables, with the use of select robotic parts, such as wheel and
motors that give functionality and movement. Current robotic construction
kits utilize materials such as LEGO, which can be very expensive and
challenging to use for young children with small hands. Our approach creates
a unique opportunity to separate the intellectual act of computer
programming and building in the physical world, from the confounding factor
of modern GUIs and complex mechanical constructions. And, in turn, provides
a means to build a better understanding of developmental capabilities of
young children with respect to computer programming.
The project team includes experts from the fields of child development,
learning technologies, computer science, and human-computer interaction from
Tufts Unversity. It has an extensive trajectory in engineering-base
educational research through robotics. Over the course of three years, the
project will build on existing research to develop novel technology and a
complementary kindergarten robotics-based curriculum , as well as a research
protocol and robotic-based experimental tasks that will enable us to
carefully study children's learning. The project will evaluate the
effectiveness of both the technology and the curriculum in kindergarten
classrooms by using the experimental tasks as well as ethnographic methods.
Intellectual Merit
The intellectual merit of this project resides in its potential
contributions to the fields of child development, early childhood education,
and human-computer interaction. From the point of view of human-computer
interaction, the merit of this project lies in the novelty of the proposed
interaction technique as well as the proposed formal design process and
evaluation. From the point of view of child development and early childhood
education, this project proposes to take an unprecedented look at what young
children can accomplish with technology when given tools that are truly
age-appropriate. The project also proposes a novel methodology for studying
young children's thinking when engaging in programming and robotics.